分类： bharat

 

印度就业问题智库最新数据显示，为遏制新冠病毒传播实施封锁后，失业率创记录飚升。

根据私营的印度经济监测中心（the Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy ，CMIE）的数据，印度的失业率目前达到27.1％的历史新高，仅4月份就有1.22亿印度人失业。但当局在抗疫和救经济上面临与其他大国不同的两难选择。

印度有着和其他大国不同的管理计算方式。比如在就业问题上，印度官方不发布每月份、季度和年度就业数据，理由据称是为了维护社会和谐。

因此私营的CMIE数据已被广泛接受。

印度失业问题

自3月25日以来，印度全国一直处于封锁状态，以遏制新冠病毒（Covid-19）的感染，造成大规模裁员和大量失业。

印度目前报告了超过67000例感染病例。

进入4月份后，印度失业率达到23.5％，较3月的8.7％大幅上升。防疫封锁使大多数经济活动陷入停顿（医院，药房和食品供应等基本服务除外）。

绝望的农民工，特别是日薪工人，四处逃亡，步行逃离城市回到自己的家乡，这些情况在电视屏幕和报纸等媒体上到处都是。印度非正式工作岗位雇用了90％的劳动力人口，随着建筑业的停工以及城市暂停公共交通，他们首当其冲。

但是，旷日持久的宵禁和企业的持续停工，以及封锁何时结束不确定，有正式的永久性工作的人都未能幸免。

印度媒体，航空，零售，酒店，汽车等各个行业的大型公司在最近几周宣布了大规模裁员计划。专家预测，许多中小企业可能会完全倒闭。

封锁的经济成本

仔细查看CMIE的数据，可以发现防疫封锁对印度的经济造成了重大冲击。

在失业的1.22亿人中，有9130万是小商人和劳工。但是，相当多的领薪工人（约1780万人）和自雇人士（约1820万人）也失去了工作。

专家警告说，疫情封锁的经济成本才刚刚开始升高。

CMIE首席执行官马赫什·维亚斯表示：印度必须权衡其疫情封锁的经济成本。

政府已开始放宽对某些地区或报告感染率较低的地区的限制，而在那些发现感染病例较多的地区，仍实行严格的宵禁。

维亚斯表示说，分区处理是一个很好的起点，但是，时间不能太长。因为印度各地区不能如同在孤岛上运作。人员，商品和服务需要流动性。供应链需要在企业失去流动性之前开始运作起来。

印度的抗疫封锁定于5月17日结束，但一些邦进一步延长了封锁期，没有明确表明整个国家何时可能会从封锁中走出。

Indian Railways is planning to gradually resume passenger train operations from May 12 onwards. Passenger train service will begin with 15 pairs of special trains, a government notification said.

These trains will run as special trains from New Delhi Station to major stations across the country.

These special trains will be run from New Delhi Station to Dibrugarh, Agartala, Howrah, Patna, Bilaspur, Ranchi, Bhubaneswar, Secunderabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, Madgaon, Mumbai Central, Ahmedabad and Jammu Tawi, the government notice stated. Few of these trains may not be daily.

The full schedule of these trains will be out on Monday.

Initially, all air-conditioned services will begin on 15 Rajdhani routes and the fare would be equivalent to that of the super-fast train, it said.

Union Minister of Railways and Commerce & Industry Piyush Goyal also took to Twitter to inform that railway operations will resume with 15 pairs of special trains connecting New Delhi with major stations across India initially.

Bookings for these trains will start at 4 pm on May 11, Piyush Goyal informed.

However, ticket booking counters at the railway stations will remain closed and no counter tickets (including platform tickets) will be issued.

“Railways plans to gradually restart passenger train operations from 12th May, 2020, initially with 15 pairs of special trains connecting New Delhi with major stations across India. Booking in these trains will start at 4 pm on 11th May,” Union Minister Piyush Goyal said in a tweet.

The government notice said, “Indian Railways plans to gradually restart passenger train operations from 12th May, 2020, initially with 15 pairs of trains (30 return journeys). These trains will be run as special trains from New Delhi Station connecting Dibrugarh, Agartala, Howrah, Patna, Bilaspur, Ranchi, Bhubaneswar, Secunderabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Thiruvananthapuram, Madgaon, Mumbai Central, Ahmedabad and Jammu Tawi.”

The notification further mentioned that Indian Railways shall thereafter start more special services on new routes, based on the available coaches after reserving 20,000 coaches for Covid-19 care centres and an adequate number of coaches being reserved to enable operation of up to 300 trains every day as “Shramik Special” for stranded migrants.

Pakistan’s state-run media on Sunday started providing detailed weather update of Jammu and Kashmir, days after India started the coverage of weather of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

State-run Radio Pakistan on Sunday reported that in most parts of Jammu and Kashmir “partly cloudy weather is expected with chances of rain.”

It reported the maximum and minimum temperatures of Srinagar, Pulwama, Jammu and Ladakh.

Radio Pakistan has special Kashmir coverage and a part of its webpage is dedicated to news from Jammu and Kashmir.

The coverage is expected to increase after the Indian media started showing weather of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

Pakistan on Friday rejected India’s move to begin broadcasting weather reports on Mirpur, Muzaffarabad and Gilgit in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), terming it as a “legally void” action to change the status of the region.

Pakistan Foreign Office said in a statement that like the so-called “political maps” issued last year by India, this move is also legally void, contrary to reality, and in violation of the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions.

India in November last released fresh maps showing PoK as part of the newly created Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, while Gilgit-Baltistan is in the Union Territory of Ladakh following the bifurcation.