分类: bharat

  • 印度的夺命毒蛇

    印度的夺命毒蛇

    印度眼镜蛇通常在天黑后攻击人畜,并引起内出血,需要立即就医。
    一项新的研究发现,在过去20年中,印度估计有120万人死于蛇咬。

    这项由印度和国际著名专家进行的研究称,近一半的受害者年龄在30至69岁之间,其中四分之一是儿童。

    多种世界十大毒蛇中的山蝰(又被称为卢氏蝰蛇,Russell’s vipers),印度环蛇(又被称为银环蛇,Kraits)和眼镜蛇是造成大多数被蛇咬的印度人死亡的原因。

    其余死亡是由至少12种其他毒蛇造成的。

    印度很多人被蛇袭击咬伤后丧命,因为事故大多发生在无法迅速得到医治的地区。

    有半数的死亡发生在6月到9月的季风季节,这段时间会有很多蛇在山区或者乡村出没。大多数受害者都是腿被咬伤。

    这项研究发表在《eLife》生物科技期刊上,它是基于印度正在进行的雄心勃勃的“百万级提前死亡项目”研究中收集的数据。

    印度环蛇昼伏夜出,因此通常白天相对安静,但在晚上变得凶猛。它可以长到1.75米的长度。
    山蝰是印度著名三大毒蛇的其中之一,主要分布在印度次大陆,东南亚,中国南方,台湾岛。它由英国在印度的外科医生和爬虫类学者柏德烈·罗素(Patrick Russell,1726-1805)博士最早研究。

    这是一种进攻性普遍很强的毒蛇。它以老鼠等啮齿动物为主食,因此经常在人类居住区附近被发现,无论是在印度一些城市还是在农村都有。

    印度环蛇(又被称为银环蛇)昼伏夜出,因此通常白天相对安静,但在晚上变得凶猛。它可以长到1.75米的长度。

    印度眼镜蛇通常在天黑后攻击人畜,并引起内出血,需要立即就医。

    毒蛇最多的邦

    上述研究还发现,在2001年至2014年之间,约70%的蛇咬死亡案例发生在8个邦:比哈尔邦、贾坎德邦、中央邦、奥迪沙邦、北方邦、安得拉邦(包括从中独立出来的新邦特伦甘纳邦),拉贾斯坦邦和古吉拉特邦。

    这项研究称,印度人在70岁之前死于蛇咬伤的平均风险约为250分之一,但在某些地区,风险接近100分之一。

    研究人员说,生活在乡下农村社区、在季风季节被蛇咬伤的风险最高。

    研究人员说,这些地区应该重点以简单可行的方法教育民众在农业收获季节避免或降低蛇咬风险的方法,比如穿着橡胶靴,戴手套和使用手电筒等。

  • From Ishrat Jahan to Hyderabad case: 5 most controversial encounter killings in India

    Since the ambush on a police party on its way to arrest gangster Vikas Dubey on June 2-3 night, six have died in police encounters in Uttar Pradesh. Vikas Dubey — the sixth — was shot dead Friday morning. Police said he tried to flee and attacked the cops who were taking him from Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh – where he was arrested on Thursday – to Kanpur.

    The circumstances of these encounters have created controversy over the genuineness of the police action. This is not, however, the first instance when an encounter has come under the scanner. Here are five others which led to raging controversies:

    ISHRAT JAHAN

    Ishrat Jahan was a 19-year-old woman from Mumbai, who was killed in an encounter in 2004. Three men were also killed in that encounter with the Gujarat police.

    The police had said Ishrat Jahan was part of a terror plot hatched to assassinate Narendra Modi, then the Gujarat chief minister. The encounter became hugely controversial with human rights activists and BJP’s rival parties alleging that it was a targeted killing.

    The Supreme Court ordered a Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) inquiry into the killings, in which the role of several police officers of Gujarat came under probe.

    DG Vanzara, the police officer who led the encounter and spent time in jail, was discharged from the case 17 years later, in 2019. The trial is still underway in a CBI court in Ahmedabad.

    SOHRABUDDIN SHEIKH

    Sohrabuddin Sheikh and his wife Kauser Bi were killed in an encounter with the Gujarat police in 2005. The police said Sohrabuddin was part of a Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) module.

    This case was also handed over to the CBI after court’s intervention. Then Gujarat Home Minister Amit Shah was named as one of the accused in this case. He was later discharged. In 2018, the special CBI court acquitted 22 accused for lack of evidence.

    LAKHAN BHAIYA

    Ramnarayan Gupta alias Lakhan Bhaiya was killed in an encounter with the Mumbai Police in 2006. Lakhan Bhaiya was considered a member of the Chhota Rajan gang.

    Within a week of the encounter, Lakhan Bhaiya’s family moved the Bombay High Court seeking a probe into the encounter. An investigation was ordered.

    The probe showed Lakhan Bhaiya was killed at point-blank range. He had been picked up from Navi Mumbai by police on the day of his encounter. In 2013, 21 people including 13 police personnel were sentenced to life. It is one of the rare cases in which people involved in a police encounter were convicted.

    WARRANGAL ENCOUNTER

    This was a case in which public sentiment supported the police action. The Andhra Pradesh police had gunned down three men in Warrangal in 2008.

    The deceased persons were accused of throwing acid on two engineering college students, who had rejected a proposal by one of the accused.

    Police said they acted in self-defence but many believed the action was to pacify public sentiment of the time. VC Sajjanar was the superintendent of police in Warrangal at the time. Another encounter would take place under his police department in Hyderabad years later.

    HYDERABAD ENCOUNTER

    In November last year, a young veterinary doctor was abducted, gangraped, smothered to death and her body charred in Hyderabad. The news shocked the conscience of the nation.

    Eight days after her body was found near NH-44, four persons accused in the case were killed near the same highway. The Cyberabad police said the four snatched police weapons and tried to flee during a spot-verification exercise.

    Public sentiment was overwhelmingly in favour of the encounter. At some places, people even showered flower petals on the police. VC Sajjanar was the commissioner of police this time in Cyberabad, and like in Warrangal, he was hailed as a hero.

  • Car waylaid by cattle, Vikas Dubey snatched gun, opened fire: UP cops reveal chain of events

    The Special Task Force (STF) has released a press note detailing its version of events leading up to the death of gangster Vikas Dubey. A fugitive ever since he and his men opened fire at a police team killing eight cops on July 2, Dubey was being taken to Kanpur via road by a team of STF personnel.

    In its statement, the STF claims that a team of personnel was taking Vikas Dubey to Kanpur for him to be produced before a court. “During the accident of a vehicle in the convoy on the National Highway under Sachendi police station limits in Kanpur district, the criminal snatched Ramakant Pachauri’s pistol and tried to run while firing at the police party, this is when the police party retaliated in self-defence injuring Vikas Dubey who died during treatment,” the STF’s press note said.

    A service pistol (9 MM) and two hollow shells were recovered from the site, added the STF.

    According to the press note, the Lucknow team was transporting Vikas Dubey under the supervision of Deputy Superintendent of Police (STF) Tej Bahadur Singh in a government vehicle. The STF claims that a herd of cattle waylaid the convoy out of the blue in front of the Kanhaiya Lal Hospital. “The driver, tired from the long drive, took a sudden turn in an attempt to save the animals which resulted in him losing control of the vehicle that overturned,” the press note goes ahead to claim.